梅花星猪类群种质分子特征研究

利用PCR-RFLP等技术检测了湖北省黄梅县梅花星类群49头猪的ESR、FSHβ(影响产仔数)、TEF1(生长速度)、LPIN1、H-FABP(肌内脂肪含量),MC4R、CMYA1(背膘厚度)等7个候选基因的多态性.结果表明,梅花星猪类群中上述7个候选基因均有丰富的多态性,特别是肌内脂肪含量有利基因的基因频率较高,是其肉质优良的分子基础.其他性状相关基因的杂合子频率也较高,通过和已有的研究对比,初步分析梅花星猪类群受外来猪杂化程度严重,本研究为梅花星猪遗传资源的保护和利用提供了科学依据.     

鲁中地区风成沉积与湖泊沉积粒径参数量化分析

对鲁中地区风尘堆积剖面和湖泊沉积进行了系统的野外考察,以平阴龙桥黄土剖面和东平湖为例,并进行了粒度参数分析。研究表明,中位数(Median)、众数(Mode)、最小值(Minimum)、最大值(Maximum)、百分位数变量值(Percentile values)之间具有差异。同时,对平阴龙桥黄土剖面和东平湖样品进行了Mann-Whitney U检验,Mann-Whitney U为8 678,检验统计量Z=-1.270,其相伴概率P=0.020<0.05,可以看出两者粒径之间有显著性差异。最后,对两者粒径均值进行了T检验,F统计量的值为34.757,其相伴概率P=0.032<0.05,粒径的方差不相等。t统计量的值为-3.597,自由度df=150.77,其相伴概率为P=0.029<0.05,同样表明两者粒径之间具有明显差异,并且分析了其环境意义。     

基于探地雷达的田块尺度下不同深度土壤含水量监测

为确定田块尺度下探地雷达对不同深度及相邻反射层间土壤含水量的反演精度、有效反演深度、最佳反演深度及最优反演模型,本研究采用1000 MHz中心频率探地雷达设备,分别在无降雨偏干旱土壤和降雨后湿润土壤两种条件下,在选定农田区域基于共中心点法采集雷达波数据,提取有效地表波与反射波数据,通过双曲线拟合法分别获取不同深度反射层...     

新疆旅游饭店等级、规模、空间结构的分析与对策

旅游饭店的档次结构、规模结构和空间结构特征是衡量旅游饭店业和地区旅游业供给特征的重要指标。本文从档次、规模、空间分布等多角度分析新疆旅游涉外饭店的发展现状 ,发现新疆旅游饭店的产业规模逐渐扩大的同时 ,旅游饭店等级、规模及空间结构等却存在诸多不合理性。从国内外旅游饭店业发展的经验分析 ,如果不妥善处理这种不合理性 ,将会影响新疆旅游饭店业的健康发展     

Differential structure and physiological response to canker challenge between ‘Meiwa’ kumquat and ‘Newhall’ navel orange with contrasting resistance

Asiatic citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is one of the most detrimental diseases affecting citrus production. ‘Meiwa’ kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia) and ‘Newhall’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis) are two genotypes with contrasting Xcc resistance. In the current study, efforts were made to perform pairwise comparison between them in terms of structural difference and biochemical response to Xcc attack. Pinprick inoculation demonstrated that ‘Meiwa’ had lower disease incidence rate and smaller lesion size, concurrent with significantly less bacterial number at the inoculation sites relative to ‘Newhall’. Microscopic observation demonstrated that stomatal density and size of ‘Meiwa’ were significantly smaller than ‘Newhall’. Stomatal apertures of ‘Meiwa’ were smaller than ‘Newhall’ measured at 2 h after their leaves were immersed in Xcc suspension, consistent with the bacteria number in the internal tissues counted at 4 d. Epicuticular wax content of ‘Meiwa’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Newhall’, while no difference in palisade and spongy tissue was observed between them. Enzymatic activity assay showed that after Xcc inoculation, ‘Meiwa’ exhibited significantly higher activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in comparison with ‘Newhall’ at most of the sampling time points. Our data showed that the two genotypes with contrasting Xcc resistance exhibited clear difference in the structure and physiological response, which may provide information to facilitate our understanding of Xcc resistance.     

小麦籽粒谷蛋白大聚合体粒度分布特征及对氮素的响应

为了给小麦品质改良提供依据,以强筋小麦品种藁城8901和弱筋小麦品种山农1391为材料,设置不同氮素水平,研究了籽粒谷蛋白大聚合体(GMP)颗粒粒径分布特征及对氮素水平的响应.结果表明,小麦籽粒GMP颗粒粒径范围为0.375～200 μm.GMP颗粒体积分布总体上呈双峰曲线变化,＜12 μm的GMP颗粒体积百分比为11.2％～45％,＞12 μm的GMP颗粒体积百分比为55.0％～88.8％.与弱筋小麦山农1391相比,强筋小麦藁城8901有较高比例的＞12 μm颗粒.GMP颗粒数目分布表现为单峰分布,＜4 μm和＜12 μm的颗粒数目百分比分别为97.5％～98.0％和99.9％,表明小麦GMP颗粒中绝大多数为＜4 μm的小颗粒.在施氮0～240 kg·hm-2范围内,随着施氮量的增加,＜12 μm颗粒体积百分比显著降低,12～90 μm、＞90 μm颗粒体积百分比增加,说明适量施氮能够显著提高GMP大、中颗粒比例.过量氮素不利于小麦籽粒谷蛋白大聚合体的形成.     

Association of Grain Shedding Habit with Polyploidy in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) Strains

Abstract

Sixty tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) strains were investigated for grain shedding habit, plant height, grain yield, dry weight of plant, weight of grain, days to flowering after sowing and DNA content of nuclei. The grain shedding habit was evaluated from the breaking strength of pedicel and the percentage of the grains dropped by threshing. DNA content of nuclei was detected by flow cytometry to classify the polyploidy level. The fluorescence intensity of the flow cytometry demonstrated no difference between common buckwheat (F. esculentum) and tartary buckwheat, but a clear difference was detected between the diploid and the autotetraploid strains. The survey of DNA content of the 60 tartary buckwheat strains revealed that most of the strains were diploids, but one strain was autotetraploid. The autotetraploid strain exhibited less grain shedding, and produced the largest grains among the strains tested. However, the other characters of the autotetraploid strain, such as plant height, grain yield, dry weight of a plant, and days to flowering, were similar to the mode of the traits of the diploid strains.     

柴油理化特性对高压共轨柴油机微粒粒度分布的影响

利用TSI EEPS3090微粒粒度测试系统,试验研究了高压共轨柴油机燃用不同理化特性调和柴油时的微粒成分及微粒排放粒度分布特征,揭示了燃料着火性能及燃料组分对微粒排放特性的影响规律。研究结果表明,对于不同着火性能的燃料,中小负荷工况下微粒数量浓度分布曲线大致呈单峰结构,峰值位于30nm附近,排气中绝大多数微粒粒径处于5~300nm之间。适当提高燃料十六烷值,能够缩短滞燃期,增大扩散燃烧期比例,有助于减少核态微粒的排放数量。同时,燃料含硫量对核态微粒排放影响较大,含硫量高将导致核态微粒排放量增加。随十六烷值增加,排气微粒中可溶性有机物质（SOF）比例减小,干碳烟（DS）比例上升。     

密闭空间中液体雾化喷嘴的性能研究

将使用于密闭空间的细微粒喷嘴改进为带有静电环的静电喷头,采用 Winner 318分体式喷雾激光粒度仪测量非静电与静电情况下粒径的变化。试验结果表明：加有高压静电的环状电极喷嘴有利于细化雾滴粒径,使粒径均匀化。     

流式细胞术测定5种苔藓植物的基因组大小

作为藻类和维管植物之间的过渡类群,苔藓植物不仅占有重要的进化地位,它同时可作为园艺上的观赏植物。目前对很多苔藓植物的培养条件、基因组大小等信息非常缺乏,且已进行基因组测序的苔藓物种较少,这些都严重制约了苔藓植物系统学的研究和资源利用。本研究以基因组大小为942 Mb的野生番茄(Solanum pennellii)为内标,采用流式细胞术对5种苔藓植物的基因组大小进行测定,结果表明,拟短月藓(Brachymeniopsis gymnostoma)的基因组大小约为391.40 Mb,绒叶青藓(Brachythecium velutinum)的基因组大小约为386.96 Mb,尖叶梨蒴藓(Entosthodon wichurae)的基因组大小约为441.01 Mb,桧叶白发藓(Leucobryum juniperoideum)的基因组大小约为493.21Mb,明叶藓(Vesicularia montagnei)的基因组大小约为337.94Mb。本研究为苔藓植物的全基因组测序、分子生物学研究、亲缘进化研究以及园艺苔藓品种开发和育种等方面提供重要信息。